复方板蓝根颗粒定量方法的研究

目的：建立复方板蓝根颗粒中靛蓝和靛玉红的含量测定方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法，固定相为SpherisorbC18柱，以醋酸铵-甲醇（37：63，v:v)为流动相，检测波长280nm，测定该制剂中靛蓝和靛玉红的含量。结果：靛蓝平均回收率为99.2%，RSD为1.0%；靛玉红平均回收率为101.1%,RSD为1.8%。结论：本法操作简便，结果准确，可以作为复方板蓝根颗粒的质量控制指标。     

Anaphylactic reactions to ingested carmine (E120)

We report five cases of anaphylactic reaction to carmine (cochineal. E120) after patients drank an alcoholic beverage. By means of positive skin prick tests (SPT) and positive RAST to carmine, IgE-mediated sensitization could be established. One nonalopic patient showed also a great amount of serum IgE antibodies to the carmine acid-albumin conjugate. Due to its widespread use in the food and cosmetic industry, carmine should be tested in the allergy work-up in case of allergic reactions after a drink or a meal.     

青黛表面改性对口腔溃疡双层膜质量与药效的影响

目的 采用溶剂浇铸法制备口腔溃疡双层膜剂,研究青黛表面改性前后对膜剂质量与药效的影响。方法 通过单因素实验设计和响应面优化法优选膜剂最佳处方,并对膜剂表面形貌、黏附时间、抗拉强度、含量测定以及体外药物释放等性能进行评估。进一步采用化学灼烧法建立大鼠口腔溃疡模型,考察膜剂对溃疡组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）、IL-6以及口腔溃疡组织形态的影响。结果 空白隔离层确定为25 mg/mL的乙基纤维素乙醇溶液,载药膜最佳处方为63 mg/mL PVA17-88、55 mg/mL PVP K30、3.0 mg/mL明胶与0.047 mL/mL甘油。青黛表面改性后,双层膜剂比未改性双层膜剂具有更加光滑均一的外观、更高的含量均匀性和有效成分靛蓝释放率。药效学结果表明,与模型组相比,阳性组与青黛改性膜剂组显著降低了溃疡组织TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的含量（P＜0.05）,并减少了炎症细胞的浸润,溃疡组织愈合程度较高。结论 青黛改性之后的口腔溃疡双层膜剂具有更好的质量与更佳的疗效,具有较好的应用前景。     

基于UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS和HPLC-DAD法研究不同干燥方式对马蓝叶化学成分的影响

目的 研究阴干、晒干、真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥4种干燥方式对马蓝Baphicacanthus cusia叶化学成分的影响,寻找差异成分,并建立HPLC-DAD同时定量分析5种吲哚类生物碱成分的方法,以期为建立规范的马蓝叶干燥方式提供理论依据。方法 利用UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS对4种干燥处理的马蓝叶进行定性分析,并结合热图聚类分析（heat map clustering analysis,HCA）、主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）筛选差异成分。结果 共鉴定出67个共有化合物。HCA和PCA将阴干和热风干燥归为一类。OPLS-DA筛选出14个差异成分,多为生物碱类,且呈现出不同的变化规律。HPLC-DAD结果表明,不同干燥方式马蓝叶中的5种吲哚类生物碱含量存在明显差异。其中,热风干燥样品的靛蓝含量最高,靛玉红含量最低;阴干样品的靛红、色胺酮、靛玉红含量最高。结论 不同的干燥方式对马蓝叶的品质有明显影响。热风干燥和晒干有利于吲哚苷水解合成靛蓝,但靛红和靛玉红的含量较低。而阴干和真空冷冻干燥样品的靛蓝含量较低,而靛玉红含量较高。阴干和热风干燥能显著提高马蓝叶药效成分的总含量。建议在初加工马蓝叶时使用阴干或热风干燥,为进一步探究马蓝叶的产地加工方式提供了数据支持,同时也为评估马蓝叶的质量提供了技术支持。     

Identification of carmine allergens among three carmine allergy patients

BACKGROUND: There have been several reports of carmine allergy; however, identification of the responsible carmine allergens has not been widely documented. METHODS: Three female patients presented with a history of anaphylaxis and/or urticaria/angioedema after ingestion of carmine-containing foods. All three patients had 4+ skin prick tests to carmine. Among them, two patients were confirmed to have carmine allergy by blinded, placebo-controlled food challenges to carmine. SDS-PAGE of cochineal insects and carmine, immunoblotting for IgE antibody with sera from all three patients, and immunoblotting inhibition with carmine were performed. RESULTS: SDS PAGE of minced cochineal insects revealed several protein bands of 23-88 kDa. Several of these bands were variably recognized by our three patients' sera, and this reactivity was inhibited by carmine. Although no protein bands could be visualized on SDS-PAGE of carmine in Coomassie brilliant blue staining, three protein bands were recognized by two of the three patients' serum. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that commercial carmine retains protein-aceous material from the source insects. These insect-derived proteins (possibly complexed with carminic acid) are responsible for IgE-mediated carmine allergy. Patient reactivity to these proteins may vary.     

Methylene blue but not indigo carmine is toxic to human luteal cells in vitro

Methylene blue (MB) is reported to be teratogenic when injected intra-amniotically. Indigo carmine (IC) appears to be a safe alternative. To determine if MB has potential detrimental effects on ovarian tissue, we compared the effect of MB and IC on human granulosa luteal cell (GC) function in vitro. Human oocyte-cumulus complexes were obtained during in vitro fertilization cycles and one to three were placed in an organ culture dish. After insemination with sperm, oocytes were removed the day after retrieval and the attached GC were washed daily for 3 more days by changing 2 mL of culture medium. All the dishes were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for the next 24 h and progesterone (P) production during this interval was taken as baseline. Test chemicals were added with hCG for the next 48 h with daily media changes. The P production during the last 24 h of chemical treatment was expressed as a percentage of the baseline. MB significantly reduced P production whereas IC did not appear to have any effect. Moreover, under inverted microscopy more than 90% of the GC cells contained several small bluish intracellular granules when exposed to 0.01% MB but not 0.01% IC. These results indicate that MB may be taken up and processed by GC cells and inhibits P production. This finding adds to previous reports on the use of in vitro GC assay to identify potential reproductive toxicants. The clinical significance of this preliminary study needs further investigation.     

八味锡类散质量标准的研究

目的制定八味锡类散质量控制方法。方法采用TLC法对方中的冰片、牛黄进行了定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对方中青黛的靛蓝进行了测定。结果本品定性鉴别薄层色谱特征明显,专属性强;靛蓝在0.218~8.72μg/mL具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.66%,RSD为0.88%。结论该方法可以准确地进行定性、定量检测,有效地控制八味锡类散的质量。     

青黛佐治婴儿特应性皮炎临床分析

目的探讨中药青黛对婴儿特应性皮炎的治疗效果。方法选择203例患特应性皮炎的婴儿,随机将其分为治疗组118例,采用0.5%氢化可的松软膏与10%红霉素软膏及青黛粉按2∶2∶1比例(重量比)混合外用;对照组85例,用0.5%氢化可的松软膏与10%红霉素软膏按1∶1比例(重量比)混合外用。结果加用青黛组治疗效果优于未加青黛组(P<0.01)。结论青黛佐治婴儿特应性皮炎方法简便,成本低,安全有效,有推广价值。     

HPLC法测定青辛速释贴中靛蓝的含量

目的 建立青辛速释贴中靛蓝的含量测定方法。方法 采用索氏提取,HPLC法测定青辛速释贴中靛蓝的含量,色谱柱:Shim—pack VP-ODS柱(4.6×250mm),流动相:甲醇-乙腈-0.1 mol/L乙酸铵(60:4:36),流速:1.0 mL/min,柱温:30℃,进样量:20 μL,检测波长:280 nm。结果靛蓝在0.44～6.60 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9991);平均回收率为103.6％,RSD=1.11％。结论 该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好,可用于青辛速释贴的质量控制。